The impact of an integrative healthcare system on longevity in a nonagenarian population in Northern Mexico: an observational study

Background: Despite the growth in the older population, there is a noticeable research gap regarding integrative health systems for older people and their impact on longevity in nonagenarians. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an integrative health system consisting of medical services, recreational facilities, and housing on longevity in a population of nonagenarians in Northern Mexico. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive-analytical study in which we measured and analyzed medical history such as number of hospitalizations, visits to geriatric consultation, hypertension, history of chronic pain, polypharmacy, dementia, rheumatic disease, diabetes mellitus, insomnia, depression, ischemic cardiomyopathy, among others. We also measured social engagement and number of caregivers. A logistic regression was performed to evaluate the predictors of mortality in this population. Results: We included one hundred and ninety-five nonagenarians with a mean (SD) age of 94 (4.2) years and of which 112 (55.7%) were female. The findings from logistic regression analysis indicated that a higher frequency of hospitalizations was associated with an elevated mortality risk (OR = 1.272, p = 0.049). Conversely, increased visits to geriatric consultation services as primary care were linked to a reduced mortality risk (OR = 0.953, p = 0.002). Additionally, social engagement displayed a protective effect (OR = 0.336, p = 0.05). Conclusions: This study highlighted the role of systemic health approaches in extending life through insights into nonagenarian patients’ involvement in primary care, as measured by consultation frequency, and participation in social activities, mitigating mortality risks. Meanwhile, it emphasized the potential consequences of higher hospitalization rates on increased mortality risk.