Peer-reviewed: Antiwear and extreme pressure properties of nanofluids for industrial application

Two conventional machining and deep-drawing lubricants were studied and modified by the addition of TiO ₂, Al ₂O ₃, CuO, and multi-walled carbon nanotube nanoparticles. The antiwear properties (wear coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter, WSD) and load-carrying capacity were evaluated under scuffing conditions. Significant improvements were observed with small filler concentration of nanoparticles. CuO nanofluids showed a decrease of 86% for WSD at 0.01 wt.%, while TiO ₂ showed an increase in pressure of seizure of up to ≈250% at 0.05 wt.% compared to pure conventional fluid.