Monte Carlo studies for the optimisation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array layout
- A. Acharyya,
- I. Agudo,
- E. O. Angüner,
- R. Alfaro,
- J. Alfaro,
- C. Alispach
- Durham University,
- CSIC - Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia,
- Aix-Marseille Université,
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile,
- University of Geneva
Research Output:
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82
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3.56
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470
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94
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10
Abstract
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the major next-generation observatory for ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. It will improve the sensitivity of current ground-based instruments by a factor of five to twenty, depending on the energy, greatly improving both their angular and energy resolutions over four decades in energy (from 20 GeV to 300 TeV). This achievement will be possible by using tens of imaging Cherenkov telescopes of three successive sizes. They will be arranged into two arrays, one per hemisphere, located on the La Palma island (Spain) and in Paranal (Chile). We present here the optimised and final telescope arrays for both CTA sites, as well as their foreseen performance, resulting from the analysis of three different large-scale Monte Carlo productions.
Publication Information
Output type
Research Output:
Contribution to journal
Article
Peer-reviewOriginal language
EnglishPages from-to (Number of pages)
Pages 35-53 (19 pages)Journal (Volume, Issue Number)
Astroparticle Physics (Volume 111)Publication milestones
- Published - 09/2019
Publication status
Published - 09/2019
ISSN
0927-6505Publication IDs
- Scopus: 85063967750
Funding Details
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations:
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organizations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq), Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00E3o Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants PFB-06, FB0821, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants 3160153, 3150314, 1150411, 1161463, 1170171, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00F3lica de Chile Vice-Rectory of Research internationalization grant under MINEDUC agreement PUC1566, Chile; Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS LM2015046, LTT17006 and EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, Czech Republic; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile-de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OSUG2020, P2IO and OCEVU, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, J1-9146; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; MINECO National R+D+I, Severo Ochoa, Maria de Maeztu, CDTI, PAIDI, UJA, FPA2017-90566-REDC, Spain; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Ernest Boninchi Foundation, Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Society, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements no 262053 and no 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement no 676134. We would like to thank the computing centres that provided resources for the generation of the Instrument Response Functions [45].
State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq), Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00E3o Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT -Chile grants PFB-06 , FB0821 , ACT 1406 , FONDECYT -Chile grants 3160153 , 3150314 , 1150411 , 1161463 , 1170171 , Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00F3lica de Chile Vice-Rectory of Research internationalization grant under MINEDUC agreement PUC1566 , Chile; Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports , MEYS LM2015046 , LTT17006 and EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403 , CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422 , Czech Republic; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile-de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OSUG2020, P2IO and OCEVU, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC , Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education , DIR/WK/2017/12 , the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre , UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583 , Poland; Slovenian Research Agency , Slovenia, grants P1-0031 , P1-0385 , I0-0033 , J1-9146 ; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; MINECO National R+D+I, Severo Ochoa, Maria de Maeztu, CDTI, PAIDI, UJA, FPA2017-90566-REDC , Spain; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Ernest Boninchi Foundation, Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Society, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, USA.
FundersFunding numbers
Sveučilište u Splitu
-ANR
-ARC
-ANU
-DAE
-MCTIC
-Helmholtz Association
-OCEVU
-Usyd
-MESR
-INAF-OABRERA
-UW
-FAPERJ
-NWO
-ISU
-Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet
-Leverhulme Trust
-McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
-WARF
-INFN
-BMWFW
-Rudjer Boskovic Institute
-DST
-डीएसटी
-Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago
-NOVA
-SI
-MPG
-BMBF
-University of Adelaide
-CNPq
-Canadian Space Agency, Canada
-H2020
-Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications
-AAL
-MU
-USDOE
-Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund
-ANL
-UC
-FAPESP
-Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics
-KVA
-FONDECYT
-UWS
-NSERC
-UiO
-Durham University
-Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
-CONICYT
-UNIOS
-MIUR
-DESY
-NCN
-Columbia University
-SNF
-Ernest Boninchi Foundation
-uibk
-Royal Society
-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Vice-Rectory of Research
-University of Rijeka
-MINECO
-NRF
-UNSW
-VR
-University of Tokyo
-HRZZ
-Horizon 2020
-NCBR
-MEXT
-MINEDUC
PUC1566
MINEDUC
-INSU,CNRS
CNRS-IN2P3
INSU,CNRS
-FP7
262053, FP7/2007-2013, 676134, 317446
FP7
-NCN
UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583
NCN
-STFC
ST/N000331/1
STFC
-Regional Council
OSUG2020
INAF
ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC
INAF
-MŠMT
EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, LM2015046, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, LTT17006
MŠMT
-NSF
1807029, 1707945, 1707432, 1913798
NSF
-MICINN
DO1-153/28.08.2018
MICINN
-Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia
2014-1980/RST_ERC
FONDECYT
3150314, 1161463, 1150411, 3160153, 1170171
FONDECYT
-JSPS
18KK0384
JSPS
-MNiSW
DIR/WK/2017/12
MNiSW
-CONICYT
FB0821, ACT 1406, PFB-06
CONICYT
-MINECO National R+D+I
FPA2017-90566-REDC
ARRS
I0-0033, P1-0031, P1-0385, J1-9146
ARRS
-