Incidencia de errores innatos del metabolismo y otros trastornos detectados en un programa de cribado metabólico neonatal ampliado de un grupo mexicano de hospitales

Introduction: The detection of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), endocrinopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and other disorders through newborn screening (NBS) is a global health initiative that began until 1973 in Mexico. The national incidence of this group of diseases is uncertain due to the lack of NBS programs and related publications. For the present manuscript, the incidence of a specific group of IEM, endocrinopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and other disorders in newborns was estimated from an NBS program implemented in a private group of hospitals part of Grupo Christus Muguerza located northeast of Mexico. Material and methods: This retrospective study included the examination of 19,768 newborns' results obtained from the NBS program from March 2006 to February 2017. Results: The NBS program found 60 newborns with an IEM or other disorder and 104 were identified as carriers, with an incidence of 30.4 and 52.7 per 10,000 newborns, respectively. The most frequent diagnosis was glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD); and in the case of carriers, were hemoglobinopathies. The combination of screening technologies showed a specificity of 99.95%, a sensitivity close to 100%, and a positive predictive value of 86.96%. Conclusions: The benefit of an NBS program is to stablish an early diagnosis to offer prompt treatment and proper genetic counseling. Furthermore, these results provide an estimation of IEM, endocrinopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and other disorders incidence in a group of private hospitals in Mexico.