Ecological sustainability in investment-State dispute settlement: Risks of legal pluralism in practice

Due to thefragmentation of International Law, Investor-State dispute settlement is usually an area in which tension are felt between investment protection and public policy space, espe-cially in matters concerning the environment, public health or human rights. Thistension is even more dangerous in health emergencies, such as the covid-19 syndemic, and has a deeper impact on low and middle-income countries. In light of the above, this article aims to identify and analyse three investor-State disputes involving low and middle-income countries, in which the collision between investment protection and ecological sustainability sets of norms evi-dences the risks of legal pluralism in International Law