Development of nanolubricant based on impregnated multilayer graphene for automotive applications: Analysis of tribological properties

This paper shows novel formulations of nanolubricants added with multi-layer graphene (MLG), multi-layer graphene impregnated with copper (MLG-Cu), and multi-layer graphene impregnated with polyaniline (MLG-PANI) for applications in automotive engines. These nanofluids were prepared using commercial motor oil as the base fluid. The tribological properties were measured at 100 °C, and significant reductions were found in the coefficient of friction and wear. The concentrations used were 0.5% and 2% by weight, obtaining reductions in the friction coefficient and wear of up to 43% and 63%, respectively, in the case of motor oil with copper-impregnated graphene. All formulations of MLG, MLG-Cu, and MLG-PANI did not show any sedimentation when dispersed in engine oil, even three months after being produced.