Personal data and cybersecurity: the information demanded by Apps

The digitalization of communication has significantly reshaped how individuals interact, communicate, and manage information, producing far-reaching social, ethical, and technological implications. This study aimed to analyze the personal data requested by digital applications in contexts of use, consumption, and content production. Using a quantitative, analytical, and comparative methodology, the study examined major digital apps through an instrument designed to identify and describe the required data, applying descriptive statistics to determine trends. Findings indicate that 60% of applications require user registration to access their features, while 40% allow limited browsing without authentication, TikTok being a notable example. Approximately 75% of the apps offer login options via third-party services, such as Google or Meta, which may enhance user convenience but also increase data exposure. All apps request a user’s name, but only 80% require a last name. Approximately 20% do not require an email or offer it as optional, and phone numbers are often treated the same way, complicating identity verification. While 85% of applications make geolocation optional, 100% still perform background location tracking. The study concludes that information vulnerability in the digital environment remains unresolved, and artificial intelligence developments offer limited solutions in this regard. It underscores that the notion of “free” apps masks a model based on the exchange of personal data as a form of capital. Enhancing digital literacy and critically reviewing terms and conditions are vital. Promoting an informed and responsible digital citizenship is essential to navigating the risks embedded in the pervasive use of digital applications.