Acellular fraction from malignant effusions has cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells

Malignant ascites (MA) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) are frequently developed in patients with metastatic cancer; however, the biological properties of these fluids have not been clarified. The present study explored the biological role of a low molecular fraction derived from malignant effusions on the activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and on the proliferation of breast cancer cells and fibroblast 55x cells. A <10-kDa fraction from effusions of 41 oncological patients and 34 individuals without cancer was purified, and its potential role in inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was explored, as well as its cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and fibroblast 55x cells. A significant decrease in NO production was observed in the <10-kDa fraction from malignant effusions. In addition, the acellular fraction from MA decreased the viability of breast cancer cells without affecting human fibroblasts. These data support the presence of low molecular weight molecules in malignant samples with a specific role in inhibiting the defense mechanisms of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and decreasing the viability of breast cancer cells in vitro.