Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico

Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia; Diego Rivera-Salinas; Riccardo Sarti; Riccardo Levi; Maximiliano Mollura; Arnulfo Garza-Silva; Andrea Rivera-Cavazos; Yodira Guadalupe Hernández-Ruíz; Irene Antonieta Barco-Flores; Arnulfo González-Cantú; Miguel Ángel Sanz Sánchez; Milton Henriques Guimarães Júnior; Chiara Pozzi; Riccardo Barbieri; Devany Paola Morales-Rodriguez; Mauro Martins Texeira; Maria Rescigno

doi:10.3390/vaccines11040842

Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico

Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia, Diego Rivera-Salinas, Riccardo Sarti, Riccardo Levi, Maximiliano Mollura, Arnulfo Garza-Silva, Andrea Rivera-Cavazos, Yodira Guadalupe Hernández-Ruíz, Irene Antonieta Barco-Flores, Arnulfo González-Cantú, Miguel Ángel Sanz Sánchez, Milton Henriques Guimarães Júnior, Chiara Pozzi, Riccardo Barbieri, Devany Paola Morales-Rodriguez, Mauro Martins Texeira, Maria Rescigno

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Abstract

Comparisons among the different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are important to understand which type of vaccine provides more protection. This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy through symptomatic infection and the humoral response of six different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2-BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2, and Ad5-nCoV. This multicentric observational longitudinal study involved hospitals from Mexico and Brazil in which volunteers who received complete vaccination schemes were followed for 210 days after the last dose. SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG levels were taken before receiving the first vaccine, 21 days after each dose, and the last sample at six months (+/-1 month) after the last dose. A total of 1132 individuals exposed to five COVID-19 waves were included. All vaccines induced humoral responses, and mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody levels during follow-up. At six months, there was a decline in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers of 69.5% and 36.4% in subjects with negative and positive history of infection respectively. Infection before vaccination and after complete vaccination scheme correlated with higher antibody titers. The predictors of infection were vaccination with CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S. In the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or dyslipidemia, CoronaVac lowered the risk of infection.

Original language	English
Article number	842
Journal	Vaccines
Volume	11
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040842
Publication status	Published - 14 Apr 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The project was supported by the Techint group of companies. We thank Walter Bruno (Humanitas Communications Director), Cesar Bueno (Fundación São Francisco Xavier President), Mario Galli (Techint Group Communications Director), and Pablo Sturiale (Apsot Director) for their support of the work and discussions.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.

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Romero-Ibarguengoitia, M. E., Rivera-Salinas, D., Sarti, R., Levi, R., Mollura, M., Garza-Silva, A., Rivera-Cavazos, A., Hernández-Ruíz, Y. G., Barco-Flores, I. A., González-Cantú, A., Sanz Sánchez, M. Á., Guimarães Júnior, M. H., Pozzi, C., Barbieri, R., Morales-Rodriguez, D. P., Texeira, M. M., & Rescigno, M. (2023). Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico. Vaccines, 11(4), Article 842. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040842

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title = "Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico",

abstract = "Comparisons among the different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are important to understand which type of vaccine provides more protection. This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy through symptomatic infection and the humoral response of six different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2-BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2, and Ad5-nCoV. This multicentric observational longitudinal study involved hospitals from Mexico and Brazil in which volunteers who received complete vaccination schemes were followed for 210 days after the last dose. SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG levels were taken before receiving the first vaccine, 21 days after each dose, and the last sample at six months (+/-1 month) after the last dose. A total of 1132 individuals exposed to five COVID-19 waves were included. All vaccines induced humoral responses, and mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody levels during follow-up. At six months, there was a decline in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers of 69.5% and 36.4% in subjects with negative and positive history of infection respectively. Infection before vaccination and after complete vaccination scheme correlated with higher antibody titers. The predictors of infection were vaccination with CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S. In the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or dyslipidemia, CoronaVac lowered the risk of infection.",

author = "Romero-Ibarguengoitia, {Maria Elena} and Diego Rivera-Salinas and Riccardo Sarti and Riccardo Levi and Maximiliano Mollura and Arnulfo Garza-Silva and Andrea Rivera-Cavazos and Hern{\'a}ndez-Ru{\'i}z, {Yodira Guadalupe} and Barco-Flores, {Irene Antonieta} and Arnulfo Gonz{\'a}lez-Cant{\'u} and {Sanz S{\'a}nchez}, {Miguel {\'A}ngel} and {Guimar{\~a}es J{\'u}nior}, {Milton Henriques} and Chiara Pozzi and Riccardo Barbieri and Morales-Rodriguez, {Devany Paola} and Texeira, {Mauro Martins} and Maria Rescigno",

note = "Funding Information: The project was supported by the Techint group of companies. We thank Walter Bruno (Humanitas Communications Director), Cesar Bueno (Fundaci{\'o}n S{\~a}o Francisco Xavier President), Mario Galli (Techint Group Communications Director), and Pablo Sturiale (Apsot Director) for their support of the work and discussions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",

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doi = "10.3390/vaccines11040842",

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Romero-Ibarguengoitia, ME, Rivera-Salinas, D, Sarti, R, Levi, R, Mollura, M, Garza-Silva, A, Rivera-Cavazos, A, Hernández-Ruíz, YG, Barco-Flores, IA, González-Cantú, A , Sanz Sánchez, MÁ, Guimarães Júnior, MH, Pozzi, C, Barbieri, R, Morales-Rodriguez, DP, Texeira, MM & Rescigno, M 2023, 'Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico', Vaccines, vol. 11, no. 4, 842. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040842

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T1 - Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico

AU - Romero-Ibarguengoitia, Maria Elena

AU - Rivera-Salinas, Diego

AU - Sarti, Riccardo

AU - Levi, Riccardo

AU - Mollura, Maximiliano

AU - Garza-Silva, Arnulfo

AU - Rivera-Cavazos, Andrea

AU - Hernández-Ruíz, Yodira Guadalupe

AU - Barco-Flores, Irene Antonieta

AU - González-Cantú, Arnulfo

AU - Sanz Sánchez, Miguel Ángel

AU - Guimarães Júnior, Milton Henriques

AU - Pozzi, Chiara

AU - Barbieri, Riccardo

AU - Morales-Rodriguez, Devany Paola

AU - Texeira, Mauro Martins

AU - Rescigno, Maria

N1 - Funding Information: The project was supported by the Techint group of companies. We thank Walter Bruno (Humanitas Communications Director), Cesar Bueno (Fundación São Francisco Xavier President), Mario Galli (Techint Group Communications Director), and Pablo Sturiale (Apsot Director) for their support of the work and discussions. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

PY - 2023/4/14

Y1 - 2023/4/14

N2 - Comparisons among the different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are important to understand which type of vaccine provides more protection. This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy through symptomatic infection and the humoral response of six different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2-BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2, and Ad5-nCoV. This multicentric observational longitudinal study involved hospitals from Mexico and Brazil in which volunteers who received complete vaccination schemes were followed for 210 days after the last dose. SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG levels were taken before receiving the first vaccine, 21 days after each dose, and the last sample at six months (+/-1 month) after the last dose. A total of 1132 individuals exposed to five COVID-19 waves were included. All vaccines induced humoral responses, and mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody levels during follow-up. At six months, there was a decline in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers of 69.5% and 36.4% in subjects with negative and positive history of infection respectively. Infection before vaccination and after complete vaccination scheme correlated with higher antibody titers. The predictors of infection were vaccination with CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S. In the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or dyslipidemia, CoronaVac lowered the risk of infection.

AB - Comparisons among the different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are important to understand which type of vaccine provides more protection. This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy through symptomatic infection and the humoral response of six different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2-BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2, and Ad5-nCoV. This multicentric observational longitudinal study involved hospitals from Mexico and Brazil in which volunteers who received complete vaccination schemes were followed for 210 days after the last dose. SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG levels were taken before receiving the first vaccine, 21 days after each dose, and the last sample at six months (+/-1 month) after the last dose. A total of 1132 individuals exposed to five COVID-19 waves were included. All vaccines induced humoral responses, and mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody levels during follow-up. At six months, there was a decline in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers of 69.5% and 36.4% in subjects with negative and positive history of infection respectively. Infection before vaccination and after complete vaccination scheme correlated with higher antibody titers. The predictors of infection were vaccination with CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S. In the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or dyslipidemia, CoronaVac lowered the risk of infection.

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Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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